Quran is known to cover details about embryology and fetal development. It confirms the process starts with a drop of semen becoming a lump (zygote) multiple times.
He created you (all) from a single Person: then created, of like nature, his mate; and he sent down for you eight head of cattle in pairs: He makes you, in the wombs of your mothers, in stages, one after another, in three veils of darkness. such is Allah, your Lord and Cherisher: to Him belongs (all) dominion. There is no god but He: then how are ye turned away (from your true Centre)? Qur'an 39:6
O mankind! if ye have a doubt about the Resurrection, (consider) that We created you out of dust, then out of sperm, then out of a leech-like clot (alaqah), then out of a morsel of flesh (mudghah), partly formed and partly unformed, in order that We may manifest (our power) to you; and We cause whom We will to rest in the wombs for an appointed term, then do We bring you out as babes, then (foster you) that ye may reach your age of full strength; and some of you are called to die, and some are sent back to the feeblest old age, so that they know nothing after having known (much).
And (further), thou seest the earth barren and lifeless, but when We pour down rain on it, it is stirred (to life), it swells, and it puts forth every kind of beautiful growth (in pairs). Qur'an 22:5
Then We made the sperm into a clot of congealed blood (alaqah: clot of blood or leech) ; then of that clot We made a (foetus) lump (mudghah: chewed like substance/piece of meat); then we made out of that lump bones and clothed the bones with flesh; then we developed out of it another creature. So blessed be Allah, the best to create! Qur'an 23:14
But what is alarmingly missing in the Quranic embryology lecture is the absence of the female egg called ovum. Quran never mentioned the ovary or the female egg in its entire embryology lecture. This is not something that should be swept under the carpet but critically examined to know why such crucial detail is missing from a book written by an all knowing God.
A fetus is only formed when the sperm unites with the ovum- that is the beginning of Life and fetal formation. The sperm alone cannot achieve it. The koran assumes the only sperm initiates Life and begins the process of fetal development, this is definitely wrong.
This throws up the question does the author of the Quran has serious knowledge gap? Is he actually omniscient as Muslims claim.
Maybe the answer is not as difficult as we think. In the 7th century ancient world when the Quran was written, nobody knew anything about the ovary or ovum. Ancient physicians believe the sperm from the man is the only thing needed to form a fetus. The womb is only considered an incubator. They knew nothing about the female egg.
Maybe the author of the Quran didn't know because people around him didn't know too. Quran after all is simply a reflection of the obvious knowledge gap around it.
N.B- I do not consider this a reason to believe Islam a false religion, it only shows the author of the Quran is not all knowing.
